UV mapping is the process of mapping a 2D image to a 3D model’s surface for texture application. The term “UV” refers to the 2D coordinates used to represent the texture map, with U and V corresponding to the X and Y axes in the texture space. UV mapping ensures that textures are applied accurately to the model, wrapping around its surfaces without distortion.
Imagine unfolding the surface of a 3D model into a flat, 2D plane – this unfolded representation is the UV map. Artists then paint or apply textures onto this 2D map, and the texture is seamlessly applied to the corresponding surfaces of the 3D model when rendered. UV mapping is a crucial step in the texture mapping process, ensuring that textures align correctly with the model’s geometry.